1. Which of the following nursing theorists is known for founding modern nursing, though the development of "Transcultural Nursing Theory" is attributed to another?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Madeleine Leininger
c) Albert Moore
d) Sr. Callista Roy
Answer: Madeleine Leininger
Explanation: While Florence Nightingale is the foundational figure of modern nursing and developed the Environmental Theory, this specific question identifies Madeleine Leininger as the developer of the Transcultural Nursing Theory, which focuses on providing culturally congruent care.
2. The Code of Ethics (as established by professional bodies like the ICN) guides the nurse to:
a) Maintain standards of practice
b) Restrict the visitors
c) Reduce the mortality rate
d) Maintain the healthy environment in the hospital
Answer: Maintain standards of practice
Explanation: The ICN Code of Ethics is a guide for action based on social values and needs. Its primary purpose is to ensure that nurses maintain professional standards of practice, uphold the dignity of patients, and fulfill their professional responsibilities regardless of the setting.
3. A nurse caring for a patient with an infectious disease who requires isolation should refer to guidelines published by the:
a) National League for Nursing
b) Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
c) American Medical Association
d) American Nurses Association (ANA)
Answer: Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
Explanation: While professional nursing bodies like the ICN or ANA set ethical and professional standards, clinical guidelines for infection control and isolation are specifically managed and published by public health organizations like the CDC to ensure evidence-based safety.
4. What is the correct abbreviation for DGNM?
a) Director General of Nursing & Midwifery
b) Directorate General of Nursing & Midwifery
c) Director Governing of Nursing & Midwifery
d) Director Governance of Nursing & Midwifery
Answer: Directorate General of Nursing & Midwifery
Explanation: The DGNM is the central government body in Bangladesh responsible for the administration, management, and development of nursing and midwifery services and education.
5. Where is the headquarter of the International Council of Nurses (ICN) located?
a) Geneva, Switzerland
b) New York, USA
c) Washington DC, USA
d) Paris, France
Answer: Geneva, Switzerland
Explanation: Founded in 1899, the ICN is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations. It is headquartered in Geneva to work closely with other international health organizations like the WHO.
6. Which of the following is considered a core part of the Nursing Process?
a) Assessment
b) Monitoring
c) Data collection
d) Medication only
Answer: Assessment
Explanation: The Nursing Process is a scientific method used by nurses to ensure quality care. Assessment is the first critical step, involving the systematic collection of data about a patient's health status—a concept deeply rooted in Nightingale's emphasis on observation and environment.
7. What was Florence Nightingale's primary focus during the Crimean War?
a) Writing care plans
b) Mental health
c) Clean environment
d) Upgrading education
Answer: Clean environment
Explanation: Nightingale’s "Environmental Theory" emphasized that fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light were essential for patient recovery, which she famously implemented during the Crimean War.
8. Florence Nightingale earned what nickname for checking on patients during the night?
a) The lady of the dark
b) The midnight princess
c) The lady with the lamp
d) The lamp with lady
Answer: The lady with the lamp
Explanation: This nickname was coined by the press during the Crimean War because she would make rounds through the hospital wards at night, carrying a lamp to observe the wounded soldiers.
9. On which date was Florence Nightingale born?
a) 5th May
b) 12th May
c) 12th June
d) 5th July
Answer: 12th May
Explanation: Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820. This date is now celebrated globally as International Nurses Day.
10. Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental responsibilities of a nurse?
a) Promote health
b) Prevent illness
c) Maintain seniority
d) Alleviate suffering
Answer: Maintain seniority
Explanation: The ICN Code of Ethics identifies four core responsibilities: to promote health, to prevent illness, to restore health, and to alleviate suffering. "Maintaining seniority" is a workplace hierarchy matter, not a fundamental nursing duty.
11. What is the primary purpose of professional licensing and performance improvement activities?
a) To increase efficiency
b) To contain costs
c) To improve processes and safety
d) To improve policies
Answer: To improve processes and safety
Explanation: Regulatory bodies (like the Council and DGNM) ensure that through licensing and performance standards, the nursing process is systematic and safe for the public.
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12. Who is credited with developing the first theory of nursing?
a) Hammurabi
b) Florence Nightingale
c) Virginia Henderson
d) Mother Teresa
Answer: Florence Nightingale
Explanation: this identifies Florence Nightingale as the pioneer of modern nursing. Her Environmental Theory focused on the impact of the patient's surroundings (cleanliness, light, and air) on their recovery process.
13. According to ethical principles of nursing, what is a primary responsibility regarding patient information?
a) Disclose to all family members
b) Inform the general public
c) Ensure privacy & confidentiality
d) Provide nursing care without documentation
Answer: Ensure privacy & confidentiality
Explanation: This aligns with the ICN Code of Ethics, which mandates that nurses must keep all personal information confidential and use judgment in sharing this information with the healthcare team only.
14. The provided exam paper is issued for a "Licensing Examination" by which regulatory body?
a) Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS)
b) Bangladesh Nursing & Midwifery Council (BNMC)
c) International Council of Nurses (ICN)
d) Ministry of Education
Answer: Bangladesh Nursing & Midwifery Council (BNMC)
Explanation: the BNMC is the specific regulatory body that conducts these exams. While the DGNM (Directorate General of Nursing and Midwifery) manages the workforce and administration, the Council is responsible for the standards of education and professional licensing.
15. Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease." This definition is used by:
a) National League for Nursing (NLN)
b) National Institute of Health
c) World Health Organization (WHO)
d) United States Health Agency
Answer: World Health Organization (WHO)
Explanation: This definition is the international gold standard adopted by organizations like the ICN and DGNM to guide nursing practice and public health policy worldwide.
16. On what date was Florence Nightingale born?
a) 13 August
b) 05 May
c) 12 May
d) 14 August
Answer: 12 May
Explanation: Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820. This date is now celebrated globally as International Nurses Day to honor her contribution to modern nursing.
17. In which country was Florence Nightingale born?
a) Germany
b) Italy
c) France
d) America
Answer: Italy
Explanation: Although she was British, she was born in Florence, Italy (which is how she got her name) while her parents were traveling.
18. In non-verbal communication, which of the following is a key component according to professional standards?
a) Written only
b) Facial expression
c) Face to face talking
d) Over telephone
Answer: Facial expression
Explanation: The ICN emphasizes holistic care; non-verbal cues like facial expressions are critical for nurses to assess patient needs and convey empathy without words.
19. What is the most important purpose of hand washing in nursing practice?
a) To get comfort
b) To promote circulation
c) To prevent spread of microorganism
d) To avoid touching of patient with dirty hands
Answer: To prevent spread of microorganism
Explanation: Infection control is a core competency mandated by the ICN. Hand washing is the single most effective way to prevent nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections.
20. Which of the following is a recognized "Phase of Nursing Process" in the licensing syllabus?
a) Separation
b) Assessment
c) Communication
d) Documentation
Answer: Assessment
Explanation: The DGNM/BNMC curriculum follows the scientific nursing process, which begins with "Assessment" to systematically collect patient data before planning care.
